The team sequenced the complete genomes of each species to obtain the full genetic code of each bird. Experts then compared the billions of base pairs that make up the genomes to find genetic variations specific to diving kingfishers.
Several modified genes were found in the fish-eating birds, related to diet and brain structure. Mutations were identified in two interesting genes, AGT, responsible for dietary flexibility, and MAPT, which encodes tau proteins related to eating behavior.
Tau proteins stabilize structures within the brain, but an excess of them can be harmful. Researchers believe these proteins may play an important role in protecting kingfishers’ brains by preventing damage from severe diving shocks.
Scientists will have to analyze the functions of the mutations and the proteins produced, and find ways to compensate for concussions for humans as well.
